What is CBD?
Introduction to CBD
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural compound found in the cannabis plant. In recent years, it has gained widespread popularity due to its potential to promote well-being without producing psychoactive effects. Unlike other cannabis compounds, CBD does not produce feelings of euphoria or altered perception.
Difference between CBD and THC
Cannabis contains more than 100 compounds called cannabinoids , including CBD (cannabidiol) and THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) . Although they both come from the same plant, their effects on the body are completely different:
- CBD (cannabidiol): It's non-psychoactive, meaning it doesn't alter perception or create a "high." It has been studied for its potential to contribute to overall well-being.
- THC (tetrahydrocannabinol): It is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis and is responsible for the euphoric or intoxicating effect associated with marijuana.
Thanks to this difference, CBD has become a key ingredient in various wellness products, without the legal restrictions or side effects of THC.
Natural origin of CBD in the cannabis plant
CBD is found in various varieties of the Cannabis sativa plant, but in higher concentrations in industrial hemp . This cannabis strain has been cultivated for centuries for its fiber, seeds, and non-psychoactive cannabinoid content.
Through advanced extraction methods, such as supercritical CO₂ or ethanol extraction , CBD is obtained in its purest form and used in different applications.
CBD and the endocannabinoid system
To understand how CBD works in the body, you first need to understand the endocannabinoid system (ECS) , a biological system present in all mammals, including humans.
What is the endocannabinoid system?
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a signaling network that helps regulate essential bodily functions, such as mood, sleep, the immune system, and stress response. Its primary function is to maintain the body's internal balance, known as homeostasis .
This system is composed of:
- Cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) : They are found in different parts of the body and act as "communication gateways" for certain biological processes.
- Endocannabinoids : These are substances that the body produces naturally and that resemble the cannabinoids in the cannabis plant.
- Enzymes : They are responsible for producing and breaking down endocannabinoids when the body needs them.
How does CBD interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors?
The ECS has two main types of receptors:
- CB1 receptors : These are found primarily in the brain and central nervous system. They are involved in processes such as memory, mood, and coordination.
- CB2 receptors : They are located mainly in the immune system and are associated with the inflammatory response and general well-being.
Unlike THC, which binds directly to CB1 receptors and causes psychoactive effects, CBD acts differently :
- It doesn't bind directly to CB1 or CB2. Instead, it influences how the body uses its own endocannabinoids, helping them remain active longer.
- Modulates the activity of the endocannabinoid system, helping it function more efficiently.
Importance of the endocannabinoid system in the body's balance
The endocannabinoid system acts as a general regulator of the body , ensuring that various biological processes function properly. If the ECS is not balanced, problems such as sleep disturbances, excessive stress, or imbalances in the immune response can arise.
By interacting with this system, CBD contributes to homeostasis , helping the body maintain its natural balance. This explains why so many people have shown interest in CBD and its potential applications in daily wellness.
Types of CBD Extracts: Differences Between Isolate, Full Spectrum, and Broad Spectrum
Once extracted, CBD can come in different forms, depending on the compounds retained in the extract:
- CBD isolate : This is the purest form of CBD, free of other cannabinoids and terpenes. It's obtained through a refining process that eliminates any other components of the plant. Ideal for those looking for only CBD without traces of THC.
- Full-spectrum CBD : Contains all the plant's natural compounds, including other cannabinoids (CBG, CBN, etc.), terpenes, and a trace amount of THC (<0.2%). These compounds are believed to work synergistically to enhance the effects of CBD (entourage effect).
- Broad-spectrum CBD : Similar to full-spectrum CBD, but with complete elimination of THC . Perfect for those who want the benefits of hemp without the risk of ingesting THC.
Benefits backed by scientific studies
Interest in CBD (cannabidiol) has grown exponentially in recent years, driven by research exploring its impact on overall well-being. Although more studies are still needed to fully understand its effects, various institutions and universities have analyzed its interaction with the human body.
Research on CBD and its impact on health
CBD research has spanned multiple areas, focusing on its potential role in body balance . Some of the main areas of research include:
General well-being and homeostasis
- It has been analyzed how CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system , helping the body maintain its natural balance.
- Studies have explored its role in regulating the body's response to stress and occasional discomfort.
Emotional balance and stress response
- Research has evaluated how CBD can influence the activity of serotonin receptors, a key neurotransmitter in mood.
- Some publications suggest that it could be useful in regulating stress levels and creating a sense of calm.
Rest and sleep quality
- Research has been conducted to determine whether CBD could help improve sleep cycles in people with sleep disorders.
- Some trials have analyzed its possible effect on relaxation before sleeping.
Physical recovery and muscular well-being
- Research has explored its potential for post-exercise recovery , looking at how CBD might influence the body's inflammatory response.
International organizations that have analyzed CBD
CBD has been evaluated by various scientific institutions and health organizations worldwide:
World Health Organization (WHO)
- In a 2018 report, the WHO stated that CBD does not cause dependency or psychoactive effects and that its use is generally safe.
University studies and research centers
- Renowned universities, such as Harvard , Johns Hopkins , and the University of São Paulo , have conducted studies on CBD and its impact on human well-being.
- Other research has been published in scientific journals such as the Journal of Clinical Investigation and the British Journal of Pharmacology .
Important:
While research on CBD is promising, it's important to remember that these studies are ongoing and CBD products should not be considered medical treatments.
Differences between CBD and other cannabinoids
CBD is just one of the many cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. Each has unique characteristics and different interactions with the body.
Comparison between CBD and other cannabinoids
CBG (Cannabigerol)
- Known as the “mother cannabinoid” because it is the precursor to CBD and THC.
- Investigated for its possible role in inflammatory response and digestive well-being .
CBN (Cannabinol)
- It forms when THC degrades over time, but it is not psychoactive.
- It is often associated with rest and relaxation.
THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
- Similar to THC in structure, but with completely different effects.
- Investigated for its potential in regulating metabolism.
HHC (Hexahydrocannabinol)
- A semi-synthetic cannabinoid derived from THC, but with a milder effect.
- Its legal status is still ambiguous in many countries.
Each of these cannabinoids is used in different products depending on its properties, but CBD remains the most studied and accepted worldwide.
Myths and facts about CBD
Despite its growing popularity, CBD is still surrounded by many myths and misconceptions. It's important to separate fact from misinformation to better understand this compound.
One of the most common myths is that CBD is addictive. The reality is that, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) , CBD does not cause dependence or withdrawal symptoms . It does not act on the same receptors as addictive substances, so its use does not cause any type of addiction.
Another common mistake is confusing CBD with marijuana. Although both come from the cannabis plant, CBD is not psychoactive , meaning it does not produce effects that alter perception or behavior. Marijuana contains high levels of THC, the compound responsible for the euphoric effect, while CBD is primarily extracted from hemp, a variety with minimal levels of THC.
There is also a belief that CBD has no side effects. Although it is generally well tolerated, some people may experience mild effects such as dry mouth, drowsiness, or changes in appetite . These effects are rare and usually depend on the dose and individual sensitivity.
Another common myth is that CBD works immediately. Unlike other compounds, CBD needs time and consistency to interact with the endocannabinoid system and generate a noticeable effect on the body's balance.
Frequently Asked Questions About CBD
Below, we answer some of the most common questions about CBD.
Is CBD legal?
Yes, as long as it comes from industrial hemp and contains less than 0.2% THC in most European countries. However, regulations may vary by country.
Can I give CBD to my pet?
Some CBD products are formulated specifically for animals, but it's important to consult with a veterinarian before administering.
Will CBD make me feel high?
No. CBD does not have psychoactive effects or alter perception.
Can I fail a drug test if I use CBD?
It depends on the type of product. If it's a CBD isolate or a broad-spectrum CBD (without THC), it shouldn't test positive. However, full-spectrum products may contain traces of THC and, in some cases, could show up in highly sensitive tests.
How long does it take for CBD to take effect?
The effects of CBD can vary depending on the individual and the amount used. Some people notice changes within a few days, while others need consistent use for weeks to feel its benefits.
Is CBD safe?
Yes, CBD has been evaluated by the WHO and deemed safe, with no risk of abuse or dependence. However, it's recommended to start with low doses and adjust them based on your body's response.